What is the relationship of technology and society?

1. Mumford, L. (1990). The monastery and the clock. In L. A. Hickman (Ed.), Technology as a human affair (pp. 208-212). New York: McGraw-Hill.

2. Gasset, J. O. (1990). From "Man the technician." In L. A. Hickman (Ed.), Technology as a human affair (pp. 254-263). New York: McGraw-Hill.

3. Winner, L. (1986). "Do artifacts have politics?" In L. Winner, The whale and the reactor (pp. 19-39). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

4. Marx, L., & Smith, M. R. (1994). Introduction. In M. R. Smith & L. Marx (Eds.), Does technology drive history? The dilemma of technological determinism (pp. ix-xv). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

5. Heilbroner, R. L. (1994). Do machines make history? In M. R. Smith & L. Marx (Eds.), Does technology drive history? The dilemma of technological determinism (pp. 53-65). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

6. Smith, M. R. (1994). Technological determinism in American culture. In M. R. Smith & L. Marx (Eds.), Does technology drive history? The dilemma of technological determinism (pp. 1-35). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

7. Tiles, M., & Oberdick, H. (1995). Conflicting visions of technology. In Living in a technological culture (pp. 12-31). New York: Routledge.

What is the relationship of communication technology and society?

8. Innis, H. A. (1951). The bias of communication. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (Ch 2).

9. Ong, W. J. (1988). Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. New York: Methuen. (Ch 3).

10. Ong, W. J. (1988). Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. New York: Methuen. (Ch 4).

11. McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media. (Chs 1, 6).

12. McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media. (Chs 8, 9, 10).

13. McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media. (Chs 18, 25, 26).

14. McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media. (Chs 27, 30, 31).

15. Gronbeck, B. E. (1990). Communication technology, consciousness, and culture: Supplementing FM-2030's view of transhumanity. In M. J. Medhurst, A. Gonzales, & T. R. Peterson (Eds.), Communication and the culture of technology (pp. 3-18). Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press.

16. Lum, C. M. K. (2000). Introduction: The intellectual roots of media ecology. The New Jersey Journal of Communication, 8, 1-9.